3 Ways To Use Et Al

If Lewis, Gilbert, and Lamar wrote something about teamwork, the reference could be: ”Lewis et al. (2006) demonstrated teamwork environment is critical to success. ”

In 2009, Dobbs, Almond, and Chen wrote Alpha First citations: (Dobbs, Almond, & Chen, 2009) Subsequent citations: (Dobbs, Almond, & Chen, 2009) Dobbs, Almond, Chen, Brown, and Ender wrote Beta First citations: (Dobbs, Almond, Chen, Brown, & Ender, 2009) Subsequent citations: (Dobbs, Almond, Chen, et al. , 2009) In 2009, Wilson, Dobbs, and Almond wrote Gamma All citations are (Wilson, Dobbs, & Almond, 2009), and do not coincide or conflict in any way with the previous two citations because Wilson is the lead author, and different from the lead author (i. e. Dobbs) on the other two.

First citations: (Dobbs, Almond, & Chen, 2009) Subsequent citations: (Dobbs, Almond, & Chen, 2009)

First citations: (Dobbs, Almond, Chen, Brown, & Ender, 2009) Subsequent citations: (Dobbs, Almond, Chen, et al. , 2009)

All citations are (Wilson, Dobbs, & Almond, 2009), and do not coincide or conflict in any way with the previous two citations because Wilson is the lead author, and different from the lead author (i. e. Dobbs) on the other two.

Not using the Oxford comma, “Moe, Curly, Larry and Shemp” would be “Moe, Curly et al. ” Using the Oxford comma, “John, Paul, George, and Ringo” would be “John, Paul, et al. ”

First citation – (Balboa, Creed, & Drago, 1985) Subsequent citations – (Balboa et al. , 1985)

First citation – (Highway et al. , 1986) Subsequent citations – (Highway et al. , 1986)

”We should go to the work overtime this weekend Jim, Jesse, Brian et al. to get the project done. ” ”If David et al. get the financing, we can move forward with the prototype. ”

”The Bulls would have lost the game if not for Jordan and the other guards. ” ”Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and the rest made it safely to the day care. ”

Try substituting an appropriate plural word for the group you’re addressing, instead of forcing et al. into a greeting.