Even in the Catholic church, which has long forbidden condoms as a means of birth control, leaders have become to endorse them in very particular circumstances. Yet, others within the church still insist condoms promote sexuality out of the bonds of marriage and outright condemn them.
But views are shifting. In 2010, Reverend Federico Lombardi, speaking on behalf of Pope Benedict, stated that the use of condoms by people with HIV could be “the first step of responsibility, of taking into consideration the risk to the life of the person with whom there are relations… whether it’s a man, a woman or a transsexual.”
Benedict’s successor, Pope Francis has been less clear about his views but has stated condoms may be the “lesser evil” in comparison to abortion, but has archly refused to speak about its utility in preventing HIV.
The history of condoms has been fraught with such controversy, innovation, advances, and failures. We offer a snapshot of some of these key moments as well as insights into why condoms (both external, also known as a “male condom,” and internal, also known as a “female condom”) remain as important as ever:
1,000 B.C.E.
As far as anyone can tell, this is roughly the time when the use of external condoms was first recorded. Unlike today’s latex or polyurethane, the early condoms were made of oiled silk paper, linen sheaths, leather, or very thin hollow horn.
200 C.E.
Cave paintings dating back to the year 200 C.E. depict external condom use, the earliest known visual evidence of their use.
1500s
An Italian doctor by the name of Gabrielle Fallopius (for whom, coincidentally, the female fallopian tube was named) suggested that linen sheath external condoms be used to protect against syphilis, a deadly epidemic at that time in history.
1640s
Some researchers believe that farmers in Condom, France began using sheep guts as external condoms, possibly the origin of the lambskin condom—as well as the device’s eponymous name.
1660s
Another group believes that the term “condom” was coined when Charles II was given oiled sheep intestines to use as external condoms by a physician named, unsurprisingly, Dr. Condom. However, other insist that the “condom” came from the Latin word condus which simply means “vessel.”
1774
The infamous Giacomo Casanova wrote about his method of testing external condoms in his memoir, detail how he would blow them up to test for holes and tears.
1855
Rubber is introduced as a component of external condoms. At that time, men were advised that these rubber version could be washed and reused until they crumble.
1861
The first U.S. external condom ad appears in the New York Times.
1912
The introduction of latex makes external condoms cheap and disposable. Thus, the single-use, latex condom is born. By World War II, latex external condoms are mass produced and given to troops all over the world.
1920s
Following World War I, France implements a ban on external condoms and other contraceptives in response to fears about falling birth rates.
1950s
The external latex condom is improved by making them thinner, tighter and lubricated. Also, the reservoir tip is introduced that collects semen in the end, decreasing the risk of leakage and unintentional pregnancy.
1980s
Once a source of embarrassment and absolutely forbidden from being advertised in print or on television, the emergence of HIV as a sexually transmitted infection takes external condoms into the mainstream. Experts agree that external condoms are the best way outside of abstinence to avoid HIV, but many still avoid using condoms.
2006
Condom sales reach 9 billion worldwide. Experts find the spermicides used to prevent pregnancy can also increase the risk of HIV and issue warnings about their use. Additionally, with the emergence of latex allergies, condoms made of polyurethane are manufactured for those people with latex allergies.
2013
Billionaire philanthropists Bill and Melinda Gates offer $100,000 for the most promising next-generation external condom designs, the challenge of which sparks media attention and brings focus to some of the more groundbreaking designs, including a type that will “shrink wrap” to fit the penis and a graphene-based model reported to be 100 times stronger than steel.
2017
Nottingham, England-based British Condom introduced i.Con, marketed as the world’s first smart condom. The device, which is actually a ring that fits around the base of the external condom, can provide you statistics on every aspect of your penis and sexual performance that you never really needed to know (such as girth, calories burned, etc.) but also claims to be able to detect sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and syphilis.
